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Flame Retardants

What are flame retardants?

Flame retardants are chemicals that are added to flammable materials—such as wood, plastic, paper, rubber, or fibers—to make them less likely to catch fire or to prevent the spread of fire.
Some materials used in buildings, household goods, daily necessities, and electronics such as household appliances, can be sources of fires or lead to fire spreading. If we are to live safe and healthy lives, we need to make these materials less flammable and reduce the generation of toxic gases or substances. "Flame retardant" is the generic name for chemicals used to meet these goals and requirements.

Types of flame retardants

Organic flame retardants
Bromine compounds
Chlorine compounds
Phosphorous compounds, etc.
Inorganic flame retardants
Antimony compounds
Metal hydroxides
Nitrogen compounds
Boron compounds, etc.

Flame retardants are sometimes referred to as additive flame retardants or reactive flame retardants, depending on their function.

Flame-retardant mechanisms

  1. Creation of an oxygen-isolating layer.
  2. Supplementation and stabilization of generated active radicals and suppression of combustible gas generation.
  3. Removal of heat away from combustibles (endothermic reactions).
  4. Carbonization of burning portions to immobilize them and isolate heat and oxygen.
  5. Generation of inactive gases and dilution of combustible gases.